In the column on the right, circle the letters corresponding to the fallacies illustrated by the following examples

1. You give historical precedent to show how reducing the interest rate further could actually prolong the recession. I see nothing wrong with your argument, but it couldn't be right because Nobel prize winning economist Herbert Simon rejects your conclusion.

A. appeal to ignorance	B. false cause
C. appeal to authority	D. none of these

1 A B C D

2. Joe and Mary both have excellent grades. If Mary is valedictorian, she will have a better chance of getting a Rotary scholarship. Without a scholarship, she will not be able to go to college. Let's name Mary valedictorian.

A. affirming the consequent	B. appeal to compassion
C. attack on the person	D. none of these

2 A B C D

3. Won’t you buy insurance from me for your store? If you don't, somebody might accidentally drop some gasoline and a cigarette in the dumpster out back one night after you close.

A. complex question	B. appeal to force
C. affirming the consequent	D. none of these

3 A B C D

4. When Chrysler was in trouble, the federal government helped them out. So if Toyota has similar troubles, the federal government should help out Toyota.

A. false analogy	B. false cause
C. false dilemma	D. none of these

4 A B C D

5. I love you. Therefore I am a lover. All the world loves a lover. You are all the world to me. Therefore you love me.

A. appeal to pity	B. equivocation
C. appeal to emotion	D. none of these

5 A B C D

6. Please answer the following question. Having a president roughly your own age makes you feel how? a) old; b) inadequate; c) like a total failure. - Doonesbury

A. complex question	B. false analogy
C. false dilemma	D. none of these

6 A B C D

7. Rat in psychology lab: "Boy, have I got this guy trained! Every time I press this bar, he drops in a piece of food!"

A. false cause	B. hasty generalization
C. composition	D. none of these

7 A B C D

8. Your noble son is mad: Mad call I it, for to define true madness, what is't but to be nothing else but mad? - Shakespeare's Hamlet

A. ad hominem	B. complex question
C. begging the question	D. none of these

8 A B C D

9. Leibniz contends that this world is the best of all possible worlds which God could have made. If that's true, everything in this world is as good as it could be. But it's not!

A. ad hominem	B. division
C. denying the antecedent	D. none of these

9 A B C D

10. Congress shouldn't pay any attention to the Joint Chiefs of Staff’s reasons for asking for increased military appropriations. As members of the armed forces, they will naturally want as much money for military purposes as they think they can get.

A. appeal to fear	B. false cause
C. ad hominem	D. none of these

10 A B C D

11. Being away from home is a necessary condition for being homesick. Andy is away from home. So Andy is homesick.

A. affirming the consequent	B. appeal to compassion
C. denying the antecedent	D. none of these

11 A B C D

12. Plants and animals - living things - are made up of cells which are also living. And cells are made up of molecules. So even molecules must have some kind of life.

A. false cause	B. division
C. appeal to ignorance	D. none of these

12 A B C D

13. At night games, the seat on the ticket doesn’t mean anything. Everyone just sits where they want to sit. That’s why I’m in the seat on your ticket.

A. appeal to the people	B. false cause
C. hasty generalization	D. none of these

13 A B C D

14. Either Italy fought as an ally of Germany in World War II or Germany lost the war. Italy was no an ally of Germany. So Germany lost the war.

A. false cause	B. false dilemma
C. disjunctive fallacy	D. none of these

14 A B C D

15. Jean Valjean has been found guilty of stealing candlesticks from the abbey. However, this is his first offense, he has been unable to find work, and he intended to sell the candlesticks to buy food for his starving children. The courts should be lenient in sentencing him.

A. begging the question	B. ad hominem
C. appeal to compassion	D. none of these

15 A B C D

16. “To reject God is to accept hell. (Whew, it’s hot down there!)”

A. appeal to fear	B. false dilemma
C. false cause	D. none of these

16 A B C D

17. Joan makes an argument that if the minimum wage isn’t raised to at least $7.00 an hour right away, there will be riots by disgruntled workers within five years. But that kind of thinking could come right out of the Communist Manifesto.

A. ad hominem	B. appeal to authority
C. hasty generalization	D. none of these

17 A B C D

18. Men and women differ in many ways. Only women bear children. Men normally have more facial hair than women. And women outlive men. So either child-bearing produces longevity or facial hair causes early death.

A. disjunctive fallacy	B. false analogy
C. false cause	D. none of these

18 A B C D

19. We all know Social Security is intended for retirement. I saw a young man in a wheelchair going into the Social Security Office. It’s too bad he won’t get any benefits.

A. accident	B. appeal to compassion
C. appeal to the people	D. none of these

19 A B C D

20. I can't accept your argument to show that self-consciousness developed out of the break-down of the bicameral brain. This leading text on neurophysiology contradicts a basic assumption you make about the structure of the brain.

A. equivocation	B. hasty generalization
C. appeal to authority	D. none of these

20 A B C D